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[03-12] [Economist-中国]You have permission to think freely 允许你自由思考
China's parliament 中国的议会
You have permission to think freely
允许你自由思考
Mar 6th 2008 | BEIJING
From The Economist print edition
China's prime minister lets a hundred flowers bloom. Well, ten
中国的总理让百花齐放，或者说，十花。
IT MAY seem an odd time for China's risk-averseofficials to be talking about political change. Yet at the opening ofthe country's annual session of parliament on March 5th the primeminister, Wen Jiabao, echoed recent calls in the state-owned media to“liberate our thinking”, even as he gave warning of a difficult yearahead, with threats from inflation and from America's subprime mortgagemess.
中国规避风险的官员们都在谈论政治变革，这看起来是个不同寻常的时刻。3月5日，在中国年度的全国政协人大会上，总理温家宝回应最近官方媒体关于“解放思想”的呼吁，尽管是在他提到中国面对通货膨胀和美国次按危机，对未来一年可能是困难的一年提出警示的时候。
This year's session of the National People's Congress,as the legislature in known, comes at a critical time. It marks thestart of a new five-year term of government (it will elect Mr Wen toserve until 2013). China is also hosting the Olympic games in August and celebrating 30 years of “reform and opening” in December. In1978 the late Deng Xiaoping launched China's great reform programmewith a call to officials to emancipate their minds from Maoist dogma.In recent months, some Communist Party officials and liberal scholarshave been using the 30th anniversary of that call to push for a newround of mental emancipation. Economic reform has made enormousstrides, they say. Now it is time to turn to politics.
作为立法机构，今年的全国人民代表大会处于一个关键时期。它标志着政府一个新的五年期执政期的开始（将选举温家宝担任总理到2013年）。中国也将在8月份举办奥运会，并且将在12月份庆祝改革开放30周年。1978年底，邓小平展在中国开展了一场伟大的改革，号召官员们从毛泽东思想的教条中解放出来。最近几个月，一些共产党的官员和自由派的学者利用纪念改革开放30周年的时机，呼吁推动新一论的思想解放。他们说，经济改革使得中国大步伐向前，现在是政治改革的时候了。
In his two-and-a-half-hour speech Mr Wen told nearly3,000 delegates in the Great Hall of the People that China must “breakthe shackles of outdated ideas” and “boldly explore new ways”. As isthe way of things in China, the words were vague; Mr Wen did not spellout what he meant by “thought liberation” and he did not offer anystrikingly bold initiatives. Yet the intention was clear and thesevague exhortations will fuel debate in the months ahead. In thebuild-up to the Olympics, Chinese leaders are anxious to preservestability (not to mention one-party rule). But they appear ready tothink about making the party a bit more accountable. This, they hope,might reduce social tensions caused by rapid economic change.
在两个半小时的演讲中，温总理对人民大会堂内将近3000名代表说，中国必须“打破传统思想的桎梏”并且“大胆的寻找新方向”。作为中国一种行事方式，这些话是含糊的，温总理并没有详细说明他的“思想解放”是甚么意思，而且他也没有提出推动任何惊人而大胆的新方案。但是，背后的用意是很明确的，这些含糊的训诫将在接下来这一个月激起大讨论。在准备奥运会的过程中，中国的领导人都很希望能够保持稳定（但并不提及一党执政）。但他们看起来已经考虑好了要使党更加责任感。他们希望，这样能减少由于快速经济增长带来的社会矛盾。
Mr Wen's immediate problem is inflation, which inJanuary reached an 11-year high of 7.1%. He set a target of 4.8% forthe year, the same rate as in 2007, when fast-rising food prices beganpushing up the index. “Upward pressure” on prices, he said, wouldremain great and holding down inflation would be “difficult”. StephenGreen of Standard Chartered Bank said in a note to clients that MrWen's target looked “dangerously unattainable”.
温总理最迫切要解决的问题是通货膨胀，通胀在一月份的时候已经达到了11 年的新高7.1%.。他设置4.8%为今年的目标，和 2007年的一样，当时食物价格快速增长开始推高物价。他说，物价上升的压力还会继续很大，控制通货膨胀也会“困难”。渣打银行的Stephen Green在给客户的一份报告中说，温总的目标看起来有难以达到的危险。
Mr Wen said there were also increasing uncertainties inthe world economy that could affect China. In addition to America'ssubprime woes, he mentioned the falling value of the dollar (increasingthe cost of Chinese goods in America) and the high prices of grain, oiland other commodities. China must be “fully prepared” for globaleconomic risks, he insisted. But he also said a “primary task” thisyear would be to prevent the economy (which grew by 11.4% last year)from overheating. This year's target is 8%, but GDP targets are oftenset far lower than officials expect in order to discourage recklessinvestment.
温总说，世界经济的不稳定状况还在加剧，并且可能会影响到中国。另外对于美国的次按，他提到美元的贬值（中国产品在美国的成本增加）以及粮食石油和商品价格的增加。他坚持，中国必须对全球经济危机做好“充分的准备”。但是，他也说道，今年主要的任务是防止经济过热（全年的增长率是11.4%）。今年GDP的目标是8%，但是一般目标设得都比官员们预料的低，目的是不鼓励不顾后果的投资。
Few are expecting much change on the political front in the months ahead. But Mr Wen wants to see checks on government authority strengthened.“Civic organisations” (to party officials the term NGO sounds too muchlike organised opposition) would be given a role in “voicing theconcerns of the people”, he said.
很少有人期此月之后在政治领域能有变化。但是，温总理希望看到对加强政府权威的检验。他说，“民间组织”（对于政府官员来说NGO听起来太像对立组织）可能代表“关切民生的声音”。
Officials are keen to stress the importance ofbureaucratic changes that are expected to be endorsed by delegates inthe coming days. These will involve creating new “super-ministries”that will merge the functions of some existing ones. The healthministry, for example, is likely to take over the food and drug agency.A new transport ministry will absorb the communication ministry (mainlyresponsible for roads) and the general administration of civilaviation. But the difficulties surrounding eventhis limited reform (which leaves the party's rule totallyunchallenged) suggest that more sensitive political changes will beslow to unfold. The railway ministry, for example, is reported to beholding out against absorption. China has no energy ministry; manyofficials have long said that it needs one. But powerful departmentswith a stake in energy are resisting the idea.
官员都热切期望并强调未来几天将由代表批准通过的政府机构改革的重要性。这包括将组建新的“大部制”，把原有的一些部门职能合并。新的交通部门将吸收铁道部（主要负责交通）和一些民航管理部门。尽管这次是有限的改革却是困难环绕，这意味着更敏感的政治改革将只能缓慢开展。例如说，据报导铁道部反对部门合并。中国没有能源部门，很多官员很久前就提出需要一个。但是那些与能源利益相关的权力部门都一直抵制。
Recent talk of “thought liberation”, however, has gonefar beyond the need to shake up hidebound bureaucrats. Much discussionin the state media has centred on a book published late last year by agroup of scholars including several from the heart of the citadel, theparty's academy for senior officials, China's equivalent to France'sENA. The work, whose abbreviated title is “Storming theFortifications”, tactfully supports the party's continued monopoly ofpower. But it outlines “urgent” steps for political reform in unusualdetail: turning the legislature and courts into “modern power balancemechanisms” by 2016 and creating a “modern civil society” withflourishing NGOs and religious groups by 2020. Freeing up the press, itsays, would also help.
但是，最近关于“解放思想”的讨论已经远远超过改变保守迂腐的官僚体制。在官方媒体上的很多讨论都集中在去年刚出版的一本新书上，这本书由一群来自中央党校的学者所写，中央党校等同于法国的ENA。这份报告，简短版的题目是“攻坚＂巧妙了巩固了中共持续的专政权力。但是，它不同寻常的详细的描绘出了政治改革的迫切步骤：到2016年，把立法和执法机关换转变成为“现代的权力制衡机制”，到2020年创造一个由众多NGO和宗教团体组成的“现代公民社会”。它说，让媒体言论自由，也将对此有帮助。
Wang Yang, the recently appointed party chief of thesouthern province of Guangdong, has been a prominent advocate of“thought liberation”. Mr Wang, who is also a member of the rulingPolitburo, has called for a “new round of mass discussion” of the idea.He used the term at least 22 times in a speech to Guangdong partyofficials in January, according to the Chinese media. Asan example of thought liberation, the press has enthused about agovernment adviser in the provincial capital, Guangzhou. Last month hecalled for the resignation of railway-ministry officials over theirhandling of the transport chaos that ensued after severe weather atChinese new year. Such an open attack on senior officials by aprominent figure is rare in China. Even the party's main mouthpiece,the People's Daily, has endorsed his outspokenness. China's leaders may soon regret their encouragement.
刚任命为南方的广东省的省委书记的汪洋，突出的强调要“解放思想”。作为政治局委员的汪先生，号召开张一场思想的“新一论大讨论”。根据中国媒体的报导，他１月份在广东省党委干部的会议讲话上至少22次使用过这个名词。作为思想解放的一个例子，媒体热切关注对这个省的省会广州的首长。上个月，他要求铁道部官员对新年之后恶劣天气造成的交通混乱而引咎辞职。一个高官如此公开的挑战政府高层官员是非常罕见的。即使是政府的最大喉舌，人民日报，也都支持他的大胆言论。中国的领导人可能很快就会为他们的鼓励而懊悔。
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